Rust Programming Language – Fast, Safe, and Why Everyone’s Talking About It

Rust Programming Language: Fast, Safe, and Modern Software Development

Introduction

Rust is a modern programming language that emphasizes memory safety, high performance, and concurrency. Originally developed at Mozilla and first released in 2015, Rust was designed to overcome pitfalls of older languages like C and C++ – namely, dangerous memory bugs and crashesishir.com. What makes Rust unique is its ability to deliver “bare-metal” performance comparable to C/C++ while virtually eliminating entire classes of errors (like null pointer dereferences and data races) at compile timeishir.com rust-lang.org. In other words, Rust helps developers create software that is both blazingly fast and reliably safe.

In recent years, Rust’s significance has skyrocketed in the tech industry. As of 2025, it’s not just hobbyist programmers singing Rust’s praises – major organizations and enterprises have taken notice. Tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon have embraced Rust, even calling it “key to their future” in systems developmentreversinglabs.com. The language’s focus on security is so impactful that Google’s Android team reported a 68% drop in memory safety vulnerabilities (bugs that often cause security flaws) after introducing Rust into Android’s codebasethehackernews.com. Even the U.S. government’s cybersecurity agencies have advocated using memory-safe languages like Rust to reduce software vulnerabilitiesreversinglabs.com. These contemporary developments underscore Rust’s growing relevance: in a world where software performance and security are paramount, Rust offers a solution that addresses both.

In this comprehensive post, we’ll explore what Rust is, its key features and advantages, common use cases, and why it’s become so popular among developers. We’ll also tackle some frequently asked questions about Rust and provide tips on how to get started. Whether you’re a seasoned developer or just tech-curious, this overview will explain why Rust has quickly become one of the most talked-about programming languages today.

What is Rust?

Rust is a general-purpose systems programming language. This means it gives you low-level control over computer hardware (like memory and threads) similar to languages such as C or C++, but with a strong focus on safety and simplicity. Rust was initially a personal project by Graydon Hoare, a Mozilla engineer who envisioned a better way to write efficient software without the crashes and security holes common in C/C++ codeishir.com. Backed by Mozilla and an open-source community, Rust evolved into a production-ready language, and version 1.0 was released in 2015.

At its core, Rust was built to solve a fundamental problem: memory safety. In languages like C/C++, programmers manually manage memory. A tiny mistake – like forgetting to free memory or accessing memory out of bounds – can lead to crashes or critical security vulnerabilities. Rust tackles this by introducing a unique ownership model enforced at compile-time. This model ensures that object lifetimes, borrowing, and references are managed strictly, preventing use-after-free, null pointer dereference, and buffer overflowerrors before the code ever runsishir.com. Essentially, if your Rust code compiles, it’s guaranteed to be free of those common memory bugs. This is a game-changer for writing reliable software.

Another defining aspect of Rust is performance. Rust compiles to efficient native code without needing a garbage collector (a runtime component that languages like Java or Go use to automatically clean up memory)rust-lang.org. With no runtime garbage collection, Rust programs incur no unexpected pauses, and they can run in constrained environments (embedded systems, kernels, etc.) where you might not even have an OS. Rust’s designers like to say it offers “zero-cost abstractions,” meaning you can use high-level features (like iterators, closures, etc.) without paying a performance penalty. In practice, Rust’s speed is on par with C and C++ for many tasks, making it suitable for performance-critical applications.

Rust is also a concurrent and thread-safe language by design. It provides modern concurrency primitives (threads, message passing, async/await for asynchronous programming) while using the compiler’s checks to prevent data races (two threads mutating the same data without coordination). This concept of “fearless concurrency” means you can write multi-threaded code in Rust with confidence that you won’t hit the usual race-condition nightmares at runtimeishir.com.

In summary, Rust is a language that gives you:

Low-level control (like C/C++) for systems programming
Memory safety and reliability guaranteed by the compiler (no more segfaults from dangling pointers)
High performance and efficiency (no garbage collector, no runtime overhead)
Concurrency support without the usual safety risks
Modern syntax and tooling that make developers productive

It’s this rare blend of speed and safety that defines what Rust is.

Key Features and Advantages of Rust

Rust comes with several powerful features and benefits that set it apart from other programming languages. Let’s break down some of Rust’s key advantages:

Memory Safety by Design: Rust’s type system and ownership rules guarantee memory-safety and thread-safety at compile timerust-lang.org. For example, the language prevents you from dereferencing null or dangling pointers and stops data races in concurrent code. These protections eliminate many bugs that would otherwise cause crashes or security flaws. Notably, there is no garbage collector – Rust instead uses scope-based memory management. This means once a variable goes out of scope, its memory is freed automatically. The result is safe code with zero runtime overhead for memory management.
High Performance: Rust is often as fast as C and C++ because it compiles down to efficient machine code. It doesn’t need a heavy runtime, and its abstractions (like iterators, pattern matching, etc.) compile away without slowing things down. No runtime garbage collection means Rust can be used for embedded systems programming and other performance-critical domainsrust-lang.org. Developers have achieved impressive results with Rust – for instance, the web company Cloudflare uses Rust to process over 20% of all internet traffic on their servers, due to Rust’s ability to handle huge loads efficientlyreversinglabs.com.
Concurrency and “Fearless” Multithreading: Writing multithreaded programs is notoriously tricky in languages like C++ due to the risk of race conditions or deadlocks. Rust makes concurrent programming easier and safer. Its ownership model applies to threads as well, ensuring that two threads cannot accidentally access the same mutable data at the same time (unless explicitly synchronized). This means many concurrency bugs are caught at compile time. Rust’s standard library also provides threads, message passing, and an async runtime for building highly concurrent services that scale to modern multicore processors.
Strong Type System and Zero-Cost Abstractions: Rust’s type system is expressive (with features like generics, traits for interfaces, pattern matching, and more) which helps model complex programs with clarity. These abstractions are “zero-cost,” meaning you get the clarity and reuse of high-level code without losing performance compared to hand-written low-level code. For example, Rust’s iterators and closures allow functional-style processing of data, but the compiler optimizes them to be as fast as a simple loop. You get the best of both worlds: clean code and fast code.
Excellent Tooling (Cargo and Compiler): Rust comes with first-class tooling that boosts developer productivityrust-lang.org. The language’s package manager and build tool, Cargo, makes it easy to manage dependencies (Rust’s libraries are called “crates”) and build projects. Rust’s compiler is famously helpful – it provides detailed error messages and suggestions when your code doesn’t compile, effectively teaching you how to fix issues. There’s also rustfmt for automatic code formatting, clippy for linting (catching common mistakes), and integrated support in popular IDEs (Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ, etc.). All of this reduces the frustration typically associated with low-level programming.
Cross-Platform and Interoperability: Rust can compile to Windows, Linux, macOS, and even targets like WebAssembly (to run in browsers) or bare-metal ARM chips. It’s truly cross-platform. Moreover, Rust can call into C libraries or be called from C, which means it interoperates with existing code easily. Many projects use Rust alongside C/C++ to add new safe components to existing systems.

In short, Rust’s features give developers confidence that their code will be fast and correct. It’s often said that Rust “moves mistakes from runtime to compile-time.” If something is undefined or dangerous, the Rust compiler stops you. This might make the learning curve a bit steep (the compiler can be strict!), but it results in extremely robust programs. And once you get the hang of Rust’s rules, you can be highly productive in it.

Rust’s Use Cases and Applications

Rust’s versatility means it is used in a wide range of software domains. Here are some of the most notable use cases and real-world applications of Rust:

Systems Programming (Operating Systems & Drivers): Rust is a systems language at heart, so it’s ideal for writing OS components, kernels, and device drivers. In fact, Rust is being incrementally integrated into the Linux kernel as an alternative to C for new code, because of its safety guarantees. There are even experimental Rust-based operating systems (like Redox OS) built entirely in Rust. The language’s ability to produce predictable, low-level code makes it suitable for this traditionally C/C++ territory, but with far fewer memory bugs.
Embedded and IoT: Because Rust has no runtime overhead and can run without an operating system, it’s used for embedded programming on microcontrollers and IoT devices. Developers can write firmware in Rust that runs on tiny chips controlling appliances, sensors, or even spacecraft, benefiting from Rust’s safety in critical systems. Rust’s growing ecosystem includes support for ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers and other common embedded platformsrust-lang.org rust-lang.org. It’s increasingly chosen for projects where reliability is crucial (e.g., automotive or medical devices).
Web Services and Back-end Development: Rust is popular for building web servers, REST APIs, and other backend systems that need to be fast and scalable. Frameworks like Actix-web and Rocket allow developers to create web services in Rust. Companies have found Rust web services to use fewer resources while handling high traffic. For example, Discord, the popular chat platform, rewrote critical services in Rust – this switch reportedly made parts of their system ten times faster than the previous implementationhackernoon.com. Rust’s efficiency and its async support (for handling many connections concurrently) make it a strong choice for cloud services.
Networking and Distributed Systems: Networking software (like proxies, load balancers, network clients/servers) benefit from Rust’s performance and safety. Cloudflare, a company at the core of internet infrastructure, uses Rust extensively to process internet traffic, taking advantage of Rust’s speed for tasks like TLS termination and firewall rulesreversinglabs.com. Rust’s memory safety is a big win here because network software exposed to the public must be secure. Similarly, Rust is used in blockchain and cryptocurrency projects (for instance, parts of the Solana blockchain and Parity’s Ethereum client are written in Rust) where both performance and security (avoiding critical bugs) are paramount.
Command-Line Tools and Utilities: Rust has become a go-to language for building command-line applications and developer tools. Its ease of deployment (single binary outputs) and speed make Rust ideal for utilities that replace older Unix tools or scripts. You’ll find Rust versions of many common tools – for example, ripgrep (a fast text search tool), fd (a modern find command), exa (an enhanced ls command), and many others. These tools are often much faster than their predecessors and safer against certain bugs. Rust’s community crates make it easy to build such tools quickly.
Game Development and Graphics: While not as common as C++ in game development yet, Rust is being explored for game engines and high-performance graphics. The Rust community has created game engines like Bevy (a data-driven game engine) and Godot now allows scripting in Rust via GDNative. Rust’s ability to guarantee memory safety can prevent crashes in games and its performance can meet the real-time demands. There’s also interest in using Rust for VR/AR engines and simulations for its speed.
WebAssembly and Front-end: Rust can compile to WebAssembly (WASM), which means you can use Rust to create high-performance web app components that run in the browser. This is great for computationally heavy tasks on the web (e.g., running a physics simulation or image processing in a web app). Rust’s official book and tools provide a straightforward path to compile Rust to WASM and integrate with JavaScriptrust-lang.org. This extends Rust’s reach from the server-side to the client-side.

This list is not exhaustive, but it shows Rust’s breadth: from low-level OS code to high-level web services, Rust finds usage where developers need to “squeeze out” performance and ensure reliability. The language’s growing adoption is evident in industry. For example, Dropbox uses Rust to synchronize files in their cloud storage system, leveraging Rust for its speed and thread safetyreversinglabs.com. In the financial sector, Rust is being used to build trading systems and high-frequency trading engines where performance and correctness are critical. Even in scientific computing and machine learning, there are libraries emerging in Rust (though Python still dominates those areas, Rust is sometimes used for performance-intensive components).

Hundreds of companies around the world are now using Rust in production, from small startups to large corporationsrust-lang.org. The common theme is that Rust tends to be chosen for projects that demand both high performance and high reliability – something that historically has been very hard to achieve together.

Why is Rust So Popular?

It’s one thing for a language to have great features on paper, but Rust has also captured the hearts of developers. In Stack Overflow’s annual developer surveys, Rust has been rated the “most loved” programming language year after yearreversinglabs.com. By 2024, it held that title for eight years runningishir.com– an unprecedented streak. This means a vast majority of developers who have tried Rust say they want to keep using it. So, what’s driving this popularity and affection for Rust?

1. It Solves Real Pain Points: Rust directly addresses problems that developers have struggled with for decades. Memory corruption bugs, segmentation faults, mysterious crashes in production – these are nightmares for anyone writing in C or C++. Rust almost completely eliminates these issues via its safety guarantees. As one Stack Overflow blog post put it, “Rust solves pain points present in many other languages”stackoverflow.blog. Developers enjoy the peace of mind Rust gives; they can refactor or add new features without fear of introducing subtle memory bugs. This reliability is empowering, especially in large codebases.

2. High Performance without Sacrificing Safety: With Rust, you don’t have to trade speed for safety – you get both. This is a huge draw. Many languages that emphasize safety (like Java, C#, Python) have garbage collectors or runtime overhead that make them slower for systems-level tasks. Rust showed that you can have safety checks at compile-time and output blazing fast binaries. For companies, this means they can improve software security and maintain performance or even improve it. For instance, memory-safe Rust code in Android has significantly reduced security bugsthehackernews.com, and did so without slowing down the OS (in fact, new Rust components can be as fast or faster than the old C++ ones). It feels like a “free win,” which makes Rust a popular choice for new projects.

3. Great Developer Experience and Community: Despite its initial learning curve, many developers come to love Rust’s developer experience. The compiler is strict, but also incredibly helpful with errors. Over time, it trains you to write better code. The tooling (Cargo, rustfmt, clippy, etc.) makes setting up and maintaining projects easier than in some older languages. The Rust community is also known for being welcoming and supportive to beginners – there are extensive documentation and forums where newcomers get help. And let’s not forget Rust’s fun side: they have an unofficial mascot (Ferris the crab) and refer to themselves as “Rustaceans” – signs of a vibrant, friendly community that people enjoy being a part of.

4. Backing by Industry Leaders: Rust’s rise has been accelerated by support from big players. Mozilla initially drove Rust’s development (famously using it to rebuild parts of Firefox’s engine for greater safety). These days, companies like Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Facebook (Meta), and Apple are all investing in Rust. Microsoft has incorporated Rust for components of Windows and recommended Rust for new projects to improve security. Amazon uses Rust in services like AWS Lambda and Firecracker (their virtualization technology) for efficiency and safety. Meta (Facebook) has used Rust in certain systems and allows it for backend services. When developers see that FAANG companies and other tech giants are adopting Rust, it validates the language’s viability. There’s also a Rust Foundation now (with industry members) ensuring Rust’s long-term development. This strong industry backing makes engineers confident that Rust skills are worth acquiring – it’s not a fad but a technology with a future.

5. Increasing Adoption and Job Demand: As more companies use Rust, the job market for Rust developers has grown. Surveys show a steady increase in Rust being used at work. A 2024 industry survey found that around 45% of organizations were using Rust in production in some capacity, up from roughly 39% the year beforedevclass.com. This means learning Rust can open doors to opportunities in cutting-edge tech projects. Developers also note that Rust expertise tends to be well-compensated due to the demand (some analyses showed Rust programmers earning higher average salaries than many other language specialists)hackernoon.com. The promise of working on interesting projects (like blockchain, AI infrastructure, systems programming) and being well-paid for it contributes to Rust’s popularity among developers planning their careers.

All these factors combine to explain Rust’s popularity. It’s innovative (bringing new ideas like ownership to the mainstream), practical (used in real products at large scale), and even enjoyable (once you get past the initial learning, many find coding in Rust quite fun and satisfying). That said, Rust isn’t without its challenges – the steep learning curve and relatively young ecosystem (compared to, say, Python or Java) are often cited as downsides. But the community is actively improving learning materials, and the ecosystem of libraries (crates) has grown tremendously. In domains like web development, you might still find more libraries/mature tools in older languages, but Rust’s ecosystem is catching up quickly. For many, the benefits of Rust far outweigh the hurdles, which is why Rust’s adoption keeps climbing.

Getting Started with Rust

If you’re intrigued by Rust’s advantages and want to try it out, getting started is easier than you might think. Rust has been designed to be accessible to newcomers with a wealth of learning resources available. Here’s a quick step-by-step guide to kickstart your Rust journey:

Install Rust and Cargo: Rust’s toolchain installation is straightforward. You can install Rust by downloading the official installer from the Rust website or using the command line utility rustup (which manages Rust versions). This will also install Cargo, Rust’s build tool and package manager. Cargo is essential – you’ll use it to create projects, manage dependencies, and run your code.
Read “The Rust Programming Language” Book: Affectionately known as “the Rust Book,” this is a comprehensive yet beginner-friendly guide available for free on the official Rust site. It covers all the fundamentals (ownership, borrowing, structs, enums, error handling, etc.) with examples. Many Rustaceans consider the book one of the best starting points since it was written by Rust’s developers and is very clear. There are also interactive tutorials and videos if you prefer those learning styles.
Experiment with the Rust Playground: Rust has an official online playground (play.rust-lang.org) where you can write and run Rust code in your browser without needing to set up a project locallyrust-lang.org. This is a great way to test small code snippets or share code with others for help. You can start with the classic “Hello, world!” and then try modifying examples from the book to see what happens.
Build a Simple Project: Using Cargo, you can create a new project with cargo new my_project which sets up a basic template. Try building a simple command-line program – for example, a to-do list app or a basic calculator. This hands-on practice helps reinforce concepts. With Cargo, running cargo run will compile and run your project, and cargo build --release will compile an optimized version. As you code, pay attention to the compiler’s feedback. Rust’s compiler messages might feel verbose at first, but they teach you a lot (for instance, if you get an error about borrowing, the message often suggests how to fix it).
Leverage the Community and Resources: Don’t be shy about seeking help – the Rust community is known for welcoming newbies. You can ask questions on the official users’ forum, the Rust subreddit (r/rust on Reddit), or Discord channels. There’s also an official Rust Cookbook with practical examples and a Rustlings tutorial (exercises to practice Rust concepts). If you prefer a video course, there are plenty of those too. Using these resources will accelerate your learning and help overcome any stumbling blocks.
Work on a Real-world Project: Once you’re comfortable with the basics, challenge yourself with a slightly larger project or contribute to an open-source Rust project. For instance, you could try writing a small web service using a framework like Rocket or Actix, or maybe contribute to a Rust CLI tool on GitHub. Building something tangible will solidify your knowledge and show you the “Rust way” of architecting software. Plus, having a project in your portfolio is great if you’re learning Rust for career reasons.

Remember, learning Rust can be challenging at first, especially if you’re used to languages with garbage collection or looser rules. Don’t get discouraged if the compiler throws errors at you – it’s all part of the learning curve. Many developers report that after the initial hurdle, they grew to appreciate how much the compiler helps them. Rust’s slogan could well be “you’ll fight with the borrow checker, and then you’ll love the borrow checker.” Stick with it, and you’ll be rewarded with the ability to create extremely reliable and efficient programs.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Rust

Q: What is Rust programming language used for?
A: Rust is used for a wide variety of tasks, especially where performance and reliability are important. Common uses of Rust include systems programming (operating systems, low-level software, embedded devices), backend web services and servers, networking tools, and command-line utilities. For example, Rust is used in production at many companies: Discord rewrote parts of its chat service in Rust to make it faster, Dropbox uses Rust for its file synchronization engine, and Cloudflare handles over 20% of global internet traffic using Rust code on its edge serversreversinglabs.com. Rust is also popular in emerging areas like blockchain development, IoT firmware, and even for WebAssembly (running high-speed code in browsers). Essentially, you’ll find Rust in any situation where software needs to run quickly, use resources efficiently, and avoid crashes or security bugs.

Q: Why is Rust so popular among developers?
A: Developers love Rust because it makes it easier to write fast and correct code. Rust’s popularity largely comes from its unique balance of high performance (on par with C/C++) and safety (preventing many bugs by design). This means programmers can build ambitious systems (like a web server or a game engine) and have confidence that issues like memory corruption won’t derail their work. Another reason is the developer experience – Rust has excellent tools (Cargo, the Rust compiler with friendly error messages, etc.) and a supportive community. Year after year, Rust has topped surveys as the most loved language by programmersreversinglabs.com. Many who learn Rust find that although the learning curve is steep, the language makes them a better programmer and they enjoy the process of coding in Rust. There’s also a bit of industry buzz: big tech companies are adopting Rust, so developers are excited about its career prospects and future potential, contributing to its popularity.

Q: Is Rust better than C++? Will Rust replace C++ in the future?
A: Rust and C++ are often compared because both target similar domains (systems and performance-critical programming). Rust offers memory safety guarantees and modern conveniences that C++ lacks, which means many bugs that you might struggle with in C++ simply cannot happen in Rust. This can make Rust code more reliable with less effort spent on debugging tricky issues. Rust also comes with cargo (for building and dependency management) which many find easier to use than C++’s build systems. However, C++ has been around for decades and has a massive ecosystem of libraries and existing code. In terms of raw performance, both are very capable – well-written Rust and C++ code can be equally fast, and in some low-level cases C++ might edge out if a programmer manually optimizes beyond what Rust’s safety allows. Rust won’t completely replace C++ overnight because of the huge amount of legacy C++ code and expertise out there. But for new projects, more and more teams are choosing Rust due to the productivity and safety gains. Even Microsoft has noted that using Rust can eliminate certain bugs that plague C++ codereversinglabs.com. In summary, Rust is “better” in the sense of safety and potentially developer productivity, while C++ still excels in areas with established codebases and certain low-level optimizations. We’ll likely see them coexist, with Rust gradually taking on more tasks that would historically have been C++’s turf.

Q: Is Rust difficult to learn?
A: Rust is often considered challenging to learn for beginners, especially if it’s your first systems language. The language introduces concepts like ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes which can be new and initially confusing. Even experienced programmers from languages like Python or Java might find Rust’s strictness a bit of a shock. That said, the learning curve doesn’t mean Rust is impossible – it just requires patience and practice. The Rust community has created a lot of helpful documentation and tutorials to guide newcomers. The compiler itself acts like a teacher, giving detailed errors when something is wrong. Many developers report that after a few weeks of using Rust, things “click” and they start appreciating the rules. An encouraging fact is that Rust’s own surveys show the proportion of users who feel productive in Rust is growing each yeardevclass.com. So, while Rust might feel hard at first (you may wrestle with the borrow checker and other concepts), if you stick with it, you’ll likely overcome that hurdle. And once you do, you’ll be able to write very robust programs. In short, Rust’s difficulty is upfront during learning, but it pays off by making the rest of your programming journey easier (fewer bugs and surprises later on). If you approach it with curiosity and use the available resources, you can absolutely learn Rust even as a self-taught programmer or student.

Q: Who is behind Rust and how is it developed?
A: Rust was originally started by Graydon Hoare around 2006 as a personal project and then developed within Mozilla, the organization behind Firefox. Mozilla used Rust to build parts of their browser engine (Project Servo and components of Firefox) to make it more secure. In 2021, the Rust Foundation was formed, which is a independent non-profit that now stewardes the language. The Rust Foundation is supported by major companies (Microsoft, Amazon AWS, Google, Huawei, Mozilla, and others)reversinglabs.com. Rust is an open-source project, so its development is driven by a community of contributors (both individuals and companies). The language evolves through an RFC (request for comments) process where new features are proposed, discussed, and gradually integrated. Thanks to this collaborative model, Rust’s development is very active – there are stable releases every six weeks or so, and the community is focused on improving Rust’s performance, adding useful features, and expanding the ecosystem of libraries. So, in essence, Rust is backed by both a passionate open-source community and strong industry players, ensuring that it continues to thrive and improve.

Conclusion

Rust has emerged as a revolutionary programming language that manages to bridge a longstanding gap in software development – delivering C/C++ level performance while greatly reducing the chance of bugs and security flaws. Its unique approach to memory safety and concurrency gives developers confidence that their code won’t betray them in production. Over the past decade, Rust’s influence has grown from a niche project to a mainstream technology adopted by some of the world’s largest tech companies and loved by developers globally. Whether it’s building a high-throughput web service, a game engine, or firmware for an IoT device, Rust empowers programmers to create fast, efficient, and reliable software.

As we’ve discussed, Rust’s popularity is well-earned: it solves real problems, has a supportive community, and continues to evolve with robust backing from industry leaders. Learning Rust today can be a rewarding investment for your future in tech, given the language’s rising demand and applications in cutting-edge fields. If you haven’t tried Rust yet, now is a great time to start – install Rust, go through some tutorials, and experience firsthand what the buzz is about.

In summary, Rust is more than just a trendy language; it represents a next step in writing software that’s both high-performance and safe. Whether you’re aiming to improve your coding skills or considering Rust for your next project, the benefits are hard to ignore. Give Rust a shot – you might just fall in love with coding all over again (as many Rustaceans will attest)!

Call to Action: Ready to dive into Rust or have thoughts on this language? Feel free to leave a comment below with your experiences or questions about Rust. If you found this article useful, subscribe to our blog for more deep dives into modern programming technologies. Don’t miss out on the future of software development – embrace the speed and safety of Rust today!

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